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Clinical Haematology & Oncology

132

Surgery

HISTOLOGY

CELL JUNCTIONS

EPITHELIUM (CONTINUED)

BONE & CONNECTIVE TISSUE

MUSCLE & GLANDS

LOWER LIMB (CONTINUED)

UPPER LIMB & EMBRYOLOGY

EMBRYOLOGY

102

1st year block 2

BIOCHEMISTRY / HEMATOLOGY MCQs

BIOCHEMISTRY / HEMATOLOGY

120

PHYSIOLOGY & COAGULATION MCQs

CVS

442

LYMPHATICS / HEME / BIOCHEM

164

Section 3: Physiology (Block II)

K⁺ efflux is reduced, maintaining plateau

Conduction delay at the AV node: ~0.12 sec

Prevents diastolic mitral/tricuspid regurgitation and maintains cardiac output.

Purkinje fibers: ~4 m/s

Cardiac cycle sequence:

Premature atrial contraction (PAC): early P wave

PACs are common, benign in healthy adults

Occurs in complete heart block

Autosomal dominant with low penetrance

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT): photosensitivity, red urine

Autosomal dominant deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase

No photosensitivity (unlike PCT)

Type II: partial deficiency

Sickle cell trait: heterozygous for β-globin mutation

Likely carbon monoxide poisoning

Redundant question (same as 1042)

Maintains plasma oncotic pressure

Inhibits neutrophil elastase, protects lungs

Glutathione peroxidase requires selenium

Anomers = differ at anomeric carbon

Lactose = glucose + galactose

Hyaluronic acid is non-sulfated, unlike other GAGs

Amylopectin: branched

Responsible for reducing sugar properties

Likely post-infection autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Bone marrow production takes days

Essential for diapedesis during inflammation

They release major basic protein to damage parasites

Mediated by selectins and integrins

High counts reflect leukocytosis from bone marrow response

Essential for acute inflammatory response

Allows plasma proteins & leukocytes to reach tissue

Leads to immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections

Enhances phagocytosis efficiency

Promotes T cell proliferation, especially cytotoxic T cells

Recognize antigens on MHC-II

Leads to adaptive immune response

Also causes lysis of microbes (MAC)

Activate B cells, macrophages, cytotoxic T cells

Responds to IgE-mediated activation

Mediators: C5a, IL-8, bacterial peptides

Enzyme: ALA synthase

Provides long-term immunity

Transthyretin (prealbumin) levels drop

α1-antitrypsin inhibits neutrophil elastase in lungs

Cracked, glazed skin around orifices

Isomers: same formula, different structural arrangement

Found in cartilage, bone, skin

Monosaccharides have carbonyl (C=O) + hydroxyl groups

Transient leukocytosis after stress/injury due to demargination

Eosinophils combat parasitic infections and mediate allergy

Post-capillary venules are main sites of diapedesis

Absolute refractory period prevents premature stimulation

163

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Course Details

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Rs1928 ~~Rs720~~

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30 days

Total Questions:

1490 questions

Categories:

70 categories

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